Abstract

Horizon Europe MSCA (Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions) Global Fellowships provide valuable opportunities for researchers to work internationally, but also involve challenges in terms of cross-border employment or staff secondment. These fellowships require researchers to conduct research outside Europe, followed by a mandatory return phase within the EU or associated countries. The fellowship can start directly outside Europe or at the European host institution.

Below are the key challenges and how they can be addressed.

1. Visa and work permit challenges

Global Fellowships involve navigating complex visa and work permit requirements, as each non-EU country has its own immigration rules. If the research requires travel to multiple countries, this can cause delays. Returning to the EU after the outgoing phase may also require additional permits. Early planning is essential to avoid complications.

2. Taxation complexity

During the outgoing phase, researchers may be subject to income tax in the host country, which may differ significantly from EU tax systems. Dual tax residency may arise, complicating tax obligations. Consulting a tax advisor can help to manage tax compliance in both phases.

3. Social security coordination

Non-EU countries may require researchers to contribute to their social security system, which could affect coverage and pensions. Researchers may also need private health insurance. It's crucial to check for social security agreements between the EU and host countries.

4. Employment law differences

The starting location of the fellowship is crucial; the first 3 months can be spent at the European host and then continue outside Europe (staff secondment), or the fellowship can start directly outside Europe (cross-border employment). Local employment laws in non-EU countries may differ significantly from EU regulations, affecting working hours, benefits, and health and safety standards. The employment contract is concluded with the European host institution but an additional employment contract may be concluded with the associated partner hosting the outgoing phase. Understanding local and EU laws can prevent issues.

5. Cultural and logistical challenges

Cultural differences and time zone issues can affect communication and coordination between the EU and non-EU institutions. Researchers should familiarise themselves with local culture and establish clear communication channels. Depending on where the fellowship starts, the researcher may receive the equipment from the European host institution or the equipment will be delivered or purchased at the associated partner hosting the outgoing phase.

6. Funding and allowances

The fellowship provides funding for living, mobility, and family allowances, but the cost of living in non-EU countries may be higher than expected, and currency fluctuations may impact the budget. Research, training and networking costs are also covered and it's important to agree in advance with the host of the outgoing phase whether they require funds to be transferred to them. Careful financial planning and agreement with the host of outgoing phase can mitigate these challenges.

7. Research ethics and legal restrictions

Research conducted outside the EU may be subject to different ethical standards, such as data protection and environmental regulations. Researchers must ensure compliance with both EU and host country regulations. Some countries may also restrict exporting sensitive research data or intellectual property.

Learning outcomes:

1. Plan visa and work permits: Early preparation is crucial to navigate complex immigration requirements, preventing delays and legal issues.

2. Manage tax compliance: Seek tax advice to handle dual residency and tax obligations in both host and EU countries.

3. Ensure social security: Verify social security agreements and make arrangements for health insurance and pensions in non-EU countries.

4. Understand employment law: Be aware of differences in employment regulations and ensure necessary contracts are in place for both EU and non-EU phases.

5. Address cultural and logistical challenges: Establish clear communication channels to manage cultural differences, time zone issues, and equipment logistics.

6. Plan financially: Make prior financial agreements with host organizations, accounting for cost-of-living variations and currency fluctuations.

7. Comply with ethics and legal standards: Ensure adherence to both EU and local research regulations, including ethical standards, data protection, and intellectual property rules.